Extended Data Fig. 5: Spatially-resolved single-cell transcriptomic expression of proliferative markers by smFISH.

a, High-resolution large-area imaging of uterine tissue sections from three donors in the proliferative phase stained with smFISH for MKI67, combined with protein staining for EPCAM. White arrowheads indicate magnified regions demonstrating representative MKI67 expression levels across lumenal, functional, and basal epithelia. Scale bars, top = 1 mm, middle = 100 μm, bottom = 20 μm. b, Molecular integrity of uterine tissues was validated by multiplexed smFISH staining of sections for constitutively expressed genes of different typical expression levels (UBC - high; PPIB - moderate; POLR2A - low), which demonstrated strong signals irrespective of sample or region. White arrowheads indicate epithelial regions shown at higher magnification (bottom). Scale bars, top = 1 mm; below = 20 μm. Two representative donors each from the proliferative and secretory phases are shown. c, High-resolution imaging of uterine tissue sections stained with smFISH for EPCAM and LGR5, combined with protein staining of FOXJ1. White arrowheads indicate cells with dual FOXJ1 and LGR5 staining, shown magnified to the eight. Scale bars, left = 50 μm, other = 10 μm. d, High-resolution large-area imaging of four endometrial sections stained with PAEP. Scale bars = 1 mm.