Fig. 2: Temporal and spatial dynamics of endometrial epithelial cells.

a, Schematic illustration of epithelial subsets in the differentiated endometrium highlighting the anatomical location of the glandular and lumenal epithelia. b, UMAP of subclustered and subsampled epithelial populations. c, UMAP of subclustered and subsampled epithelial populations colored by their menstrual phase. d, Dot plot showing the log₂-transformed expression of genes characteristic of each epithelial subset. e, Number of mRNA molecules per spot (color intensity) confidently assigned to each epithelial subpopulation (color) in the proliferative phase (A13, 152810 slide). f, High-resolution large-area imaging of a section of proliferative endometrium, stained with in situ hybridization (smFISH) for WNT7A and LGR5 (SOX9⁺LGR5⁺ epithelial markers). White arrowheads indicate lumenal and glandular regions shown at higher magnification (right). Representative image of four proliferative endometrial samples from four different donors. Scale bars: left, 250 μm; other, 25 μm. g, Number of mRNA molecules per spot (color intensity) confidently assigned to each epithelial subpopulation (color) in the early-proliferative phase (A30, 152807 slide). h, Validation of KRT5, COX1 (marker of lumenal cells) and SCGB2A2 (marker of glandular population) with IHC in endometrial tissue (proliferative and secretory phases). Nuclei are counterstained with hematoxylin. Scale bars, 250 μm. Representative images of three proliferative and three secretory endometrial samples from six different donors.