Extended Data Fig. 1: Species tree for Carangaria estimated with ASTRAL-III.

Species tree for Carangaria estimated with ASTRAL-III using gene trees with weakly supported nodes (bootstrap values [BS] <20%) collapsed into polytomies to reduce the effects of gene-tree error. Gene trees were estimated using IQ-TREE (HM; GTR + G) based on newly sequenced data that covers 990 loci and 389 species. Collapsing gene-tree branches with low support helped reduce the negative effects of gene-tree estimation error, successfully resolving flatfish monophyly (FM [BS 76%]; green arrow) using the complete dataset. Tree files with tip labels and support values are available from the Figshare digital repository.