Extended Data Fig. 8: HSPC phylogenies for three young adult individuals.

Phylogenies for one normal young adult individual (top) and two young adult chemotherapy-treated individuals (bottom) were constructed using shared mutation data and the algorithm MPBoot (Methods). Branch lengths reflect the number of mutations assigned to the branch with terminal branches adjusted for sequence coverage, and overall root-to-tip branch lengths have been normalised to the same total length (because all colonies were collected from a single time point). The y-axis represents the number of SBSs accumulating over time. Each tip on a phylogeny represents a single colony, with the respective numbers of colonies of each cell and tissue type recorded at the top. Onto these trees, we have layered clone and colony-specific phenotypic information. We have highlighted branches on which we have identified known oncogenic drivers in one of 18 clonal haematopoiesis genes (Supplementary Table 2) colour-coded by gene. A heat map at the bottom of each phylogeny highlights colonies from known driver clades coloured by gene, and the expanded clades (defined as those with a clonal fraction above 1%) in blue. Regarding the treatment of PD50307 donor, carboplatin was administered via intravenous infusion on Day 1, followed by Etoposide on the same day. Subsequently, the patient received oral doses of Etoposide on Days 2 and 3.