Extended Data Fig. 6: Manhattan and Q-Q plot for the ancestry- and sex-combined meta-analysis.

The multi-ancestry meta-regression meta-analysis performed via MR-MEGA (see Methods) included 1,023,243 total samples (99,776 self-reported stuttering cases) and 42,031,853 autosomal variants observed across all eight independent sex and ancestries-specific GWAS. The dotted line represents genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8). Q-Q plot x-axis represents expected −log10(P-value), and y-axis represents observed −log10(P-value) with 95% CI indicated by shaded region. Note: P-values were adjusted for genomic control.