Fig. 4: Performance of self-reported stuttering PRS model in independent EUR stuttering datasets.

PRS were developed using EUR male or EUR female GWAS results and applied to clinically validated ISP and self-report Add Health subjects, and demonstrate increased stuttering liability within stuttering cases. The model was developed and trained using the default auto-phi shrinkage parameter through PRScs. LD panels were constructed using 1000 Genomes Project phase 3 EUR reference data. a, AUC model performance in the ISP cohort. b, AUC model performance in the Add Health cohort.