Fig. 5: Pharmacological and genetic abrogation of glycolipids decrease RBD binding and SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviral infection.

a,b, Changes in CTX binding on ACE2⁺ HEK293 cells after GENZ-123346 treatment determined by flow cytometry. Representative histogram results (a) and quantification of the MFI (b) are shown. Error bars represent 95% CI of n = 3 biological replicates. c,d, RBD binding to ACE2⁺ HEK293 cells (c) and SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection in ACE2⁺ HEK293 cells (d) following GENZ-123346 treatment; n = 3 biological replicates are shown with 95% CI error bars. e, SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection in CMAS⁺ and CMAS^–/– ACE2⁺ HEK293 cells following GENZ-123346 treatment. The percentage of GFP⁺ cells for n = 3 biological replicates and 95% CI error bars are shown. f–j, CTX staining (f), ACE2 expression levels (g), RBD binding (h) and percentage of GFP⁺ cells (i) of UGCG⁺ and UGCG^–/– ACE2⁺ HEK293 cell clones. Error bars represent 95% CI of n = 3 biological replicates. j, Pseudoviral infection of ACE2⁺ UGCG^–/– HEK293 cells with supplementation of glycolipids isolated from wild-type HEK293 cells. The percentage of GFP⁺ cells for n = 4 biological replicates within a single experiment (left) and the averages of n = 3 independent experiments (right) with error bars representing 95% CI are shown. Statistical significance was calculated based on two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test (b–j). Flow cytometry data were analyzed on FlowJo version 9.9.6, and graphs were plotted on GraphPad Prism 8; NS, not significant.

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