Extended Data Fig. 2: Temporal cytokine patterns of COVID-19 and flu patients in relation to hospital admission. | Nature Immunology

Extended Data Fig. 2: Temporal cytokine patterns of COVID-19 and flu patients in relation to hospital admission.

From: Untuned antiviral immunity in COVID-19 revealed by temporal type I/III interferon patterns and flu comparison

Extended Data Fig. 2

Levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-23, CCL4 and CX3CL1 concentration at various time intervals after hospital admission of 32 COVID-19 and 16 flu patients with pneumonia followed longitudinally, and 10 healthy individuals. Data are presented as scatter plots with dots showing individual patient measurements, columns median values and error bars range. For COVID-19, n = 16, 17, 21, 15, 11 and 8 for each of the six consecutive time intervals. For flu, n = 16, 14 and 11, respectively. For healthy, n = 10. Grey shading marks the limit of quantification of the assay. P values were determined by a two tailed Mann–Whitney U test for non-parametric comparisons. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 show significance over healthy controls. #P < 0.05 shows significance between COVID-19 and flu groups.

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