Extended Data Fig. 3: Characteristics of erythroid cells differentiated from hESCs in vitro.

a, c, e, UMAP plots showing clusters of hematopoietic cells derived from hESC in vitro differentiation at days 4 (Day 12 + 4), 11 (Day 12 + 11) and 16 (Day 12 + 16), respectively. MK, megakaryocyte; GMP, granulocyte-monocyte progenitor. b, d, f, Dot plots showing the marker genes of each defined cluster. g, Boxplot showing the number of genes captured in each cluster identified in Fig. 3b (hESC C1, n = 9,697 cells; hESC C2, n = 7,832 cells; hESC C3, n = 3,939 cells). The thick horizontal line across the box indicates the median value and the box represents the first and third quartiles. h, Violin plot showing the scores of primitive and definitive hESC-derived erythrocytes using the DEGs of YS primitive and FL definitive erythrocytes generated from Extended Data Fig. 2h. i, Representative GO terms enriched based on the DEGs between corresponding clusters from hESC-derived (left) and FL (right) erythrocytes. P values were determined by hypergeometric test. j, Dot plot showing the expression of representative genes of the terms enriched in (i). Among these, genes associated with apoptotic signaling pathway (BAX, BCL2L1), lysosome (ASAH1, AP3S1), autophagy (ATG12, GABARAP), ferroptosis (FTH1, FTL), cholesterol biosynthesis (MSMO1, FDFT1), regulation of protein stability (CCT6A, CALR), cell cycle phase transition (CCNB1, CDC27) and regulation of RNA splicing (SF3B4, SRSF2) are shown.