Fig. 1: Assessing the effect of infection-elicited immune memory on responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Members of the cohorts studied by Brasu et al.1 differed first in their infection history before vaccination (VN, naive before vaccination; VR, infection-recovered before vaccination) and later in the magnitude of their early antibody response to vaccination (LR, low responders; HR, high responders). PBMC samples were obtained at the indicated sampling times and subjected to detailed analyses to follow SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets and effector function and spike-specific B cells over time. The members of the cohort were also tracked for more than a year for breakthrough infection.