Fig. 1: THX mice support full and sustained development of human immune cells.
a, Left, huCD45+ PBMCs reconstitution at indicated time points in THX (n = 11), huNBSGW (n = 6) and huNSG (n = 5) mice grafted with cord blood huCD34+ cells. Engraftment levels depicted as percentage of total (human plus mouse) CD45+ PBMCs. Arrow denotes the beginning of E2 treatment in huNBSGW mice that would later become THX mice (dark navy line starting at 18 weeks of age) and continuing thereafter. Right, Human and mouse CD45+ PBMCs (% total PBMCs), as identified by flow cytometry. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) plots are from one THX, one huNBSGW and one huNSG mouse, each representative of five mice. b, huCD45+ mononuclear cell counts in THX, huNBSGW and huNSG mice. c, Total serum huIgM, huIgD, huIgG, huIgA and huIgE (expressed as µg equivalents per ml, µg eq ml−1) in THX (n = 6), huNBSGW (n = 5) and huNSG (n = 7) mice—huIgD and huIgE were undetectable in huNBSGW and huNSG mice. d, Survival of THX (n = 48), huNBSGW (n = 23) and huNSG (n = 18) mice through 55 weeks after huCD34+ cell engraftment (Kaplan–Meier curves, THX versus huNSG mice, P = 0.0323; THX versus huNBSGW mice, P = 0.1809, log-rank Mantel–Cox test). e, Number of huB cells (huCD45+CD19+), huT cells (huCD45+CD3+), huDCs (huCD45+CD3−CD14−CD11c+), huNK cells (huCD45+CD3−CD56+) and human monocytes (huCD45+CD3−CD14+) per ml of peripheral blood in THX, huNBSGW and huNSG mice (same mice as in b). f, Human immune cell profiling of THX mouse (n = 5) spleen huCD45+ cells analyzed by high-parameter cytometry with time-of-flight (CyTOF) analysis of 30 human markers. THX mouse spleen huCD45+ lymphoid and myeloid cell proportions were similar to those in spleens of humans (n = 6) who died from accidental death (Supplementary Table 4g). g, BM huCD34+ cells in THX (n = 3), huNBSGW (n = 3) and huNSG mice (n = 3). In the histograms (b, c and g), each dot represents an individual mouse, and the bar depicts the mean with s.e.m. Statistical significance (c and g) was assessed using two-sided Student’s unpaired t-test (NS, not significant; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).
