Extended Data Fig. 2: THX mice huCD45⁺ cell reconstitution and THX mice but not huNBSGW mice develop Peyer’s patches, containing huB cells, huMZ B cells, huGC B cells, huMBCs, huPBs/PCs and huT cells.

a, Identification of circulating huCD45⁺ PBMCs in non-intentionally immunized THX mice (n = 7) by flow cytometry. huCD45⁺ cells account for 92−96% of total (human plus mouse) CD45⁺ cells in blood of THX mice. b, THX (n = 6 of the 7 as in Fig. 4g) and huNBSGW (n = 6 of the 7 as in Fig. 4g) mice were injected i.p. with DNP-CpG (50 μg in 100 µl PBS) at day 0, boosted on day 14 and euthanized on day 28. (Top left row) Peyer’s patches in THX mice and lack thereof in huNBSGW mice. (Top right row) huCD3⁺CD4^—CD8^—, huCD3⁺CD4⁺, huCD3⁺CD8⁺, huCD3⁺CD4⁺CD8⁺ T cells and huCD3⁺CD4⁺CXCR5⁺PD-1⁺ T_FH cells. (Middle row) MZ huCD19⁺IgM⁺IgD⁺CD27⁺ B cells (20.4% ± 0.7% huB cells), huIgM⁺ and huIgG⁺ B cells, GC huCD19⁺CD38⁺CD27^—IgG⁺ and GC huCD19⁺CD38⁺CD27^—IgA⁺ B cells, class-switched memory huCD27⁺huIgD^— B cells, huCD19⁺CD27⁺CD38⁺CD138⁺ PBs and huCD19^—CD27⁺CD38⁺CD138⁺ PCs in Peyer’s patches of DNP-CpG-immunized THX and huNBSGW mice. Due to the extreme paucity of cells in barely detectable Peyer’s patches of huNBSGW mice, not enough events could be collected for a meaningful analysis. Flow cytometry plots are from one THX and one huNBSGW mouse, each representative of 6 mice. huCD45⁺ cells were pre-gated in all FACS analyses. Captions on top of FACS plots indicate pre-gating markers. (Bottom row) Quantification of huMZ B cells, class-switched huB cells, huGC B cells, huMBCs and huPBs/PCs in Peyer’s patches of THX and huNBSGW mice. Each dot represents an individual mouse, the bar depicts the mean with s.e.m. Statistical significance was assessed by two-sided Student’s unpaired t-test (NS, not significant; ***P < 0.001).

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