Fig. 6: IFNβ treatment reverses LPS-induced immunosuppression.

a, Box plots of log₂(fold-change) in TNF (left) and IL-6 (right) production by cMonos obtained from LPS-challenged volunteers (n = 6) on BL and d7 who were stimulated with LPS (10 ng ml⁻¹) in the presence or absence of IFNβ (100, 250, 500 U ml⁻¹) for 24 h. b, Comparison of expression of inflammatory and ISGs between cMonos obtained from LPS-challenged volunteers (n = 3) at BL and d7 who were stimulated with 10 ng ml⁻¹ of LPS in the presence or absence of IFNβ (100 U ml⁻¹) for 4 h. Data were normalized to the response of BL cMonos. c, Flow plots of a representative example of CD14 and CD16 expression of cMonos obtained from a healthy donor immediately after isolation (BL) and after 3 d of incubation with or without 100 U ml⁻¹ of IFNβ in the presence or absence of an anti-IFNAR Ab (10 μg ml⁻¹). The experiment was repeated in six donors (see d). d, Bar plots of percentages of monocyte subsets in the blood of healthy donors (n = 6) immediately after cMono isolation (BL) and at d3 of incubation of cMonos with or without 100 U ml⁻¹ of IFNβ in the presence or absence of IFNAR Ab (10 μg ml⁻¹). The box plots in a show the median and first and third quartiles and the whiskers 1.5× the IQR. Bar plots in d are presented as mean values ± s.e.m. The P values were calculated using two-sided, paired Student’s t-tests.