Extended Data Fig. 3: Diet-induced maternal obesity and prenatal androgen exposure effects on offspring estrus cycle changes.
From: Prenatal androgen exposure and transgenerational susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome
a, Quantitative analysis of estrous cyclicity in F1 to F3 adult female offspring. (F1: MatCD + Veh, n = 18, MatCD + DHT, n = 15, MatHFHS + Veh, n = 14, MatHFHS + DHT, n = 12. F2: GMatCD + Veh, n = 13, GMatCD + DHT, n = 11, GMatHFHS + Veh, n = 16. F3: GGMatCD + Veh, n = 11, GGMatCD + DHT, n = 8, GGMatHFHS + Veh, n = 9). M/D, metestrus and diestrus; E, estrus; P, proestrus. For proestrus, there was a main effect in the obese lineage of F1 female offspring (two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc analysis) [F 1, 54 = 16.31, P < 0.001]. For estrus, there was a main effect in the androgenized lineage of F1 female offspring (two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc analysis) [F 1, 54 = 40.396, P < 0.001]. For metestrus/diestrus, there was a main effect in the androgenized lineage of F1 female offspring (two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc analysis) [F 1, 54 = 28.953, P < 0.001] and in the obese lineage [F 1, 54 = 6.808, P < 0.01]. There were disrupted estrus cycles in the androgenized lineage of F2 offspring (one-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s post hoc analysis) [F2, 49 = 14.19; P < 0.0001]. b, Representative estrous cyclicity assessment in 12-week old female mice for 10 consecutive days by vaginal cytology in F1-F3 adult offspring. The data are present in violin plot showing the frequency distribution curves. The median and quartiles values are shown in dotted and dashed lines respectively. Veh = vehicle; DHT = dihydrotestosterone; CD = control diet; HFHS = high-fat high-sucrose; Mat = maternal; GMat = grand-maternal; GGMat = great-grand maternal.
