Extended Data Fig. 7: Immunogenic ileal commensals induce DC IL-12 and IL-1β release and IgG humoral immune responses.

a, ELISA monitoring of cytokine release (IL-1β, IL-12p70) by BM-derived DC cultured in GM‑CSF + IL-4 or FLT3L conditions (which differentiate into cDC1) pulsed with various live commensals (for 2 h followed by killing with ATB for 22 h). A representative experiment out of two performed yielding similar results is shown, run in experimental triplicates. Mean ± SEM is depicted. Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s correction. Significant two-tailed p-values are shown in the figure. b, IgG humoral responses evaluated by ELISA in the serum of mice, which were treated with OXA (day 0) and oral gavaged with the indicated commensals at day -1 and +1. Analysis was performed at day 7. Data pooled from two independent experiments. Germ-free groups n = 4, SPF PBS n = 8, SPF OXA n = 10, B. fragilis n = 11, E. ramosum n = 11, P. clara n = 11. Median value is depicted. Mann-Whitney U test. Significant two-tailed p-values are shown in the figure. c, IgG humoral responses evaluated by ELISA in the serum of mice, in the experimental setting described in Fig. 6f. Mean ± SEM is depicted. Mann-Whitney U test. Significant two-tailed p-values are shown in the figure. d, Quantitative PCR using dedicated and specific probe sets to monitor colonization of various commensals at day +2 post-first and second oral gavage. Data from two experiments (performed in C57BL/6 J (upper panel) or in BALB/c (lower panels)) are depicted, one dot representing one feces. Detected values by qPCR are shown, mean ± SEM is depicted. Analyzed sample sizes in C57BL/6 J groups: PBS n = 19, OXA n = 17, B. fragilis n = 16, E. ramosum n = 16, P. clara n = 21. Analyzed sample sizes in BALB/c: n = 6/group.