Extended Data Fig. 9: Single-cell BCR analysis between genders across COVID-19 severity.

a, Summary plot for BCR IGHV gene usage split by gender (top: female; bottom: male). Each data point is presented as the mean gene usage proportion + /- standard error of the mean for samples within each sample group. Kruskal-Wallis test with Benjamini-Hochberg *P < 0.05 (adjusted p = 0.035) n = 12, 5, 8, 20, 6 and 6 biologically independent male patients/samples and n = 12, 4, 15, 10, 7 and 5 biologically independent female patients/samples for healthy, asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe and critical respectively. b, (Top) Scatter plot of clonotype/cluster size by vertex size gini indices computed from contracted BCR networks (identical nodes are merged and counted). Each dot represents the gini indices of an individual coloured by severity status. Marginal histograms indicate the distribution of samples in a given severity status along the axes. (Bottom, left) Cluster/clonotype size (contracted network) gini indices separated by gender. (Bottom, right) Vertex size (contracted network) gini indices separated by gender. The boxes extend from the 25th to 75th percentiles. The whiskers go down to the smallest value and up to the largest. The line in the middle of the boxes is plotted at the median. Statistical tests were performed with non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test between the gender groups within each severity status and were considered statistically significant if Benjamini-Hochberg corrected P < 0.05 (denoted by *; n.s. denotes not significant). The Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p-values are as follows: cluster/clonotype size (contracted network) gini indices comparisons: 3.42x10^-1, 1.91x10^-25, 7.71x10^-272, 1.31x10^-169, 3.84x10^-113 and 2.98x10^-1; vertex size (contracted network) gini indices comparisons: 1.12x10^-57, 2.17x10^-1, <1x10^-308, 3.64x10^-49, 2.69x10^-53 and 2.37x10^-04 - for healthy, asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe and critical respectively. Colour of asterisks indicates which gender group displays a higher mean gini index (yellow: female; grey: male). n = 12, 5, 8, 20, 6 and 6 biologically independent male patients/samples and n = 12, 4, 15, 10, 7 and 5 biologically independent female patients/samples for healthy, asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe and critical respectively. n = 1 for malignant (male).