Fig. 3: Vaccine-specific CD4 T cell responses are comparable between patients with MS treated with aCD20 and healthy controls.

a, Representative flow cytometry plots for the quantification of AIM⁺CD4 T cells. The numbers represent the percentage of total non-naive CD4 T cells that are AIM⁺. Top row: Unstimulated. Bottom row: Stimulated with the CD4-S megapool. b, Summary data of AIM⁺CD4 T cell frequency after vaccination. The values represent the background-subtracted frequency of AIM⁺ non-naive CD4 T cells above paired background-subtracted baseline frequencies. The lines connect individual donors sampled longitudinally. Statistics were calculated using an unpaired, two-tailed Wilcoxon test. Gray, healthy controls (n = 10); orange, patients with MS treated with aCD20 (n = 20). c, Representative plots demonstrating the identification of the indicated memory T cell subsets from AIM⁺CD4 T cells. The black or orange events depict AIM⁺ cells from healthy controls or patients with MS treated with aCD20, respectively. The gray events depict the total CD4 T cells from the same donor. The numbers indicate the frequency of AIM⁺ cells within each gate. d, Frequency of memory T cell subsets in AIM⁺CD4 T cells. Top: Healthy controls. Bottom: Patients with MS treated with aCD20. Left: Background-subtracted percentage of non-naive T cells that are AIM⁺ cells of each subset. Right: Relative frequency of each memory T cell subset in the background-subtracted AIM⁺ population. T_CM = CD45RA⁻CD27⁺CCR7⁺; T_EM1 = CD45RA⁻CD27⁺CCR7⁻; T_EM2 = CD45RA⁻CD27⁻CCR7⁺; T_EM3 = CD45RA⁻CD27⁻CCR7⁻, T_EMRA = CD45RA⁺CD27⁻CCR7⁻. e, Representative flow cytometry plots depicting the gating of AIM⁺CD4 T cells to identify the indicated helper subsets as in c. f, Frequency of helper T cell subsets in AIM⁺CD4 T cells as in d. Circulating T_FH = CXCR5⁺ of non-naive CD4 T cells; T_H1 = CXCR5⁻CXCR3⁺CCR6⁻; T_H2 = CXCR5⁻CXCR3⁻CCR6⁻; T_H17 = CXCR5⁻CXCR3⁻CCR6⁺; T_H1/17 = CXCR5⁻CXCR3⁺CCR6⁺. Healthy controls (n = 10); patients with MS treated with aCD20 (n = 20). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.