Fig. 5: Average outcomes and ATT values.
From: No causal effect of school closures in Japan on the spread of COVID-19 in spring 2020
a,b, The horizontal axis indicates dates in 2020. The vertical turquoise line corresponds to the survey date, 6 April. a, The vertical axis represents the average number of confirmed cases per 100,000 residents. The black and red lines correspond to the average outcomes of the matched treated and control municipalities, respectively. b, The vertical axis represents ATT values. The thick black line indicates the point estimates of ATTs, and the shaded gray area presents the 95% confidence intervals. Cluster-robust standard errors are utilized where clusters were a pair of matched municipalities and a municipality.
