Fig. 1: Kinetics and comparison of infection-neutralization activities for SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in naive individuals and convalescents after BNT162b2 vaccination.
a–g, COVID-19 convalescents (orange), convalescents who received only vaccinations 1 and 3 (red) and naive individuals (blue) at indicated time points before and after BNT162b2 vaccination. a–d,f, Serum IC50 values for infection-neutralization capacity of SARS-CoV-2 strain EU1 and VoCs Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron normalized to 107 viral RNA copies shown as boxplots with median, bounds between upper and lower quartiles and whiskers between the 10th and 90th percentiles. Numbers of serum samples analyzed are indicated below, with those against Omicron in parentheses. a, 51 (50) SARS-CoV-2 convalescents at approximately 9 months after infection and 34 (29) SARS-CoV-2 naive individuals before vaccination (pre), naive individuals versus convalescents for Omicron **P = 0.0033, Beta ***P = 0.0002, all other VoCs ****P < 0.0001, all other VoCs ****P < 0.0001. b, 59 (56) convalescents and 48 (42) naive individuals at 2 weeks after vaccination 1 (w2), ****P < 0.0001. c, 23 (22) convalescents and 47 (42) naive individuals at 2 weeks after vaccination 2, ****P < 0.0001. d, 16 (16) convalescents and 65 (64) naive individuals at 7 months (m7) after vaccination 2 and 34 (34) convalescents having received only vaccination 1, naive individuals versus twice-vaccinated convalescents for all variants ****P < 0.0001, and versus once-vaccinated convalescents for EU1 **P = 0.0011, Alpha **P = 0.0054, Beta ***P = 0.0004, Gamma**P = 0.0031, Delta ****P < 0.0001 and Omicron **P = 0.0034. e, Fold reduction of IC50 values comparing neutralization of EU1 with that of VoCs depicted as boxplots with median, bounds between the upper and lower quartiles, and whiskers between the 10th and 90th percentiles in 50 convalescents and 64 naive individuals (blue) at m7; numbers above boxes indicate average (avg.) fold changes comparing EU1 and VoCs; in convalescents comparing EU1 to Alpha **P = 0.0017, Delta ***P = 0.0005 and all other VoCs ****P < 0.0001, and in naive individuals comparing EU1 and Alpha***P = 0.0002 and all other VoCs ****P < 0.0001. f, 14 convalescents and 59 naive individuals at 2 weeks after vaccination 3, and 22 convalescents who received only vaccination 1 and 3; naive individuals versus twice-vaccinated convalescents for Gamma **P = 0.0064, Delta **P = 0.0025 and Omicron **P = 0.0069, and versus three-times-vaccinated convalescents for Alpha *P = 0.0307, Beta *P = 0.0155, Gamma *P = 0.0342, Delta *P = 0.0115 and Omicron **P = 0.0089. g, Heat map illustrating average fold reduction of IC50 values for VoCs compared to IC50 values for EU1 in convalescent (conv.) and naive participants. Connecting lines indicate statistically significant differences between groups. Absence of connecting lines or asterisks indicates absence of significance. Statistics were calculated using Mann–Whitney U test (a–c), Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple-testing correction (d,f) and two-sided Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple-testing correction (e). Pre, before first vaccination; 1, first vaccination; 2, second vaccination; 3, third vaccination; w2, 2 weeks after respective vaccination; m4, 4 months after vaccination 2.
