Fig. 1: A booster dose is crucial for neutralizing antibody responses against Omicron.

After two mRNA vaccine doses, there is minimal antibody-medicated neutralization of Omicron. Robust neutralization of Omicron develops after a third mRNA vaccine dose. The magnitude of Omicron neutralization after a third (booster) dose is comparable to neutralization of Delta after two doses. A fourth dose (second booster) has the potential to further improve the magnitude and durability of the immune response. Dashed lines indicate hypothetical response levels.