Table 1 Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 cases and controls by variant

From: Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants

 

Two-dose

Three-dose

Delta

Omicron

Delta

Omicron

Test positive cases

Test negative controls

P value/ASD

Test positive cases

Test negative controls

P value/ASD

Test positive cases

Test negative controls

P value/ASD

Test positive cases

Test negative controls

P value/ASD

n = 4,117

n = 8,234

 

n = 19,395

n = 38,790

 

n = 3,021

n = 6,042

 

n = 11,217

n = 22,434

 

Age at specimen collection date, years

 

0.39 / 0.02

  

<0.01 / 0.04

  

0.04 / 0.05

  

<0.01 / 0.07

 Mean (s.d.)

42.31 (14.64)

42.60 (14.67)

 

39.10 (13.77)

39.68 (13.94)

 

41.81 (14.67)

42.48 (14.58)

 

40.61 (15.08)

41.65 (15.15)

 

 Median

41

40

 

37

38

 

40

40

 

38

39

 

 Q1, Q3

31, 53

31, 53

 

28, 49

29, 50

 

31, 52

32, 53

 

29, 51

30, 52

 

 Min, max

18, 92

18, 97

 

18, 93

18, 101

 

18, 90

18, 98

 

18, 99

18, 103

 

Age at specimen collection date, years, n (%)

 

N/A

  

N/A

 

N/A

  

N/A

 18–44

2,458 (59.7%)

4,916 (59.7%)

 

13,017 (67.1%)

26,034 (67.1%)

 

1,855 (61.4%)

3,710 (61.4%)

 

7,211 (64.3%)

14,422 (64.3%)

 

 45–64

1,339 (32.5%)

2,678 (32.5%)

 

5,519 (28.5%)

11,038 (28.5%)

 

933 (30.9%)

1,866 (30.9%)

 

3,067 (27.3%)

6,134 (27.3%)

 

 65–74

242 (5.9%)

484 (5.9%)

 

652 (3.4%)

1,304 (3.4%)

 

177 (5.9%)

354 (5.9%)

 

691 (6.2%)

1,382 (6.2%)

 

 ≥75

78 (1.9%)

156 (1.9%)

 

207 (1.1%)

414 (1.1%)

 

56 (1.9%)

112 (1.9%)

 

248 (2.2%)

496 (2.2%)

 

Sex, n (%)

  

N/A

  

N/A

  

N/A

  

N/A

 Female

2,224 (54.0%)

4,448 (54.0%)

 

11,124 (57.4%)

22,248 (57.4%)

 

1,594 (52.8%)

3,188 (52.8%)

 

6,345 (56.6%)

12,690 (56.6%)

 

 Male

1,893 (46.0%)

3,786 (46.0%)

 

8,271 (42.6%)

16,542 (42.6%)

 

1,427 (47.2%)

2,854 (47.2%)

 

4,872 (43.4%)

9,744 (43.4%)

 

Race/ethnicity, n (%)

  

N/A

  

N/A

  

N/A

  

N/A

 Non-Hispanic White

1,575 (38.3%)

3,150 (38.3%)

 

4,962 (25.6%)

9,924 (25.6%)

 

1,193 (39.5%)

2,386 (39.5%)

 

3,240 (28.9%)

6,480 (28.9%)

 

 Non-Hispanic Black

235 (5.7%)

470 (5.7%)

 

1,750 (9.0%)

3,500 (9.0%)

 

186 (6.2%)

372 (6.2%)

 

1,151 (10.3%)

2,302 (10.3%)

 

 Hispanic

1,812 (44.0%)

3,624 (44.0%)

 

9,482 (48.9%)

18,964 (48.9%)

 

1,279 (42.3%)

2,558 (42.3%)

 

5,127 (45.7%)

10,254 (45.7%)

 

 Non-Hispanic Asian

180 (4.4%)

360 (4.4%)

 

1,540 (7.9%)

3,080 (7.9%)

 

120 (4.0%)

240 (4.0%)

 

809 (7.2%)

1,618 (7.2%)

 

 Other/Unknown

315 (7.7%)

630 (7.7%)

 

1,661 (8.6%)

3,322 (8.6%)

 

243 (8.0%)

486 (8.0%)

 

890 (7.9%)

1,780 (7.9%)

 

Body mass indexb, n (%)

  

<0.01 / 0.14

  

<0.01 / 0.08

  

<0.01 / 0.18

  

<0.01 / 0.11

 <18.5

26 (0.6%)

82 (1.0%)

 

180 (0.9%)

430 (1.1%)

 

18 (0.6%)

64 (1.1%)

 

129 (1.2%)

250 (1.1%)

 

 18.5 – <25

744 (18.1%)

1,672 (20.3%)

 

3,854 (19.9%)

8,076 (20.8%)

 

567 (18.8%)

1355 (22.4%)

 

2,312 (20.6%)

4,829 (21.5%)

 

 25 – <30

1,102 (26.8%)

2,250 (27.3%)

 

5,130 (26.5%)

10,513 (27.1%)

 

784 (26.0%)

1,675 (27.7%)

 

3,106 (27.7%)

6,186 (27.6%)

 

 30 – <35

838 (20.4%)

1,635 (19.9%)

 

3,733 (19.2%)

7,606 (19.6%)

 

599 (19.8%)

1,152 (19.1%)

 

2,124 (18.9%)

4,306 (19.2%)

 

 35 – <40

411 (10.0%)

860 (10.4%)

 

1,938 (10.0%)

4,019 (10.4%)

 

304 (10.1%)

586 (9.7%)

 

1,054 (9.4%)

2,350 (10.5%)

 

 40 – <45

168 (4.1%)

387 (4.7%)

 

914 (4.7%)

1,834 (4.7%)

 

117 (3.9%)

248 (4.1%)

 

477 (4.3%)

1,066 (4.8%)

 

 ≥45

106 (2.6%)

265 (3.2%)

 

601 (3.1%)

1,255 (3.2%)

 

67 (2.2%)

173 (2.9%)

 

277 (2.5%)

715 (3.2%)

 

 Unknown

722 (17.5%)

1,083 (13.2%)

 

3,045 (15.7%)

5,057 (13.0%)

 

565 (18.7%)

789 (13.1%)

 

1,738 (15.5%)

2,732 (12.2%)

 

Smokingb, n (%)

  

<0.01 / 0.12

  

<0.01 / 0.08

  

<0.01 / 0.16

  

<0.01 / 0.10

 No

2,855 (69.3%)

5,942 (72.2%)

 

14,239 (73.4%)

28,750 (74.1%)

 

2,037 (67.4%)

4,374 (72.4%)

 

8,172 (72.9%)

16,622 (74.1%)

 

 Yes

672 (16.3%)

1,425 (17.3%)

 

2,709 (14.0%)

6,018 (15.5%)

 

510 (16.9%)

1,033 (17.1%)

 

1,647 (14.7%)

3,658 (16.3%)

 

 Unknown

590 (14.3%)

867 (10.5%)

 

2,447 (12.6%)

4,022 (10.4%)

 

474 (15.7%)

635 (10.5%)

 

1,398 (12.5%)

2,154 (9.6%)

 

Charlson comorbidity scorea, n (%)

  

<0.01 / 0.12

  

<0.01 / 0.11

  

<0.01 / 0.12

  

<0.01 / 0.12

 0

3,324 (80.7%)

6,321 (76.8%)

 

16,149 (83.3%)

30,856 (79.5%)

 

2,471 (81.8%)

4,689 (77.6%)

 

9,084 (81.0%)

17,074 (76.1%)

 

 1

480 (11.7%)

1,007 (12.2%)

 

2,172 (11.2%)

4,799 (12.4%)

 

337 (11.2%)

731 (12.1%)

 

1,254 (11.2%)

3,023 (13.5%)

 

 ≥2

313 (7.6%)

906 (11.0%)

 

1,074 (5.5%)

3,135 (8.1%)

 

213 (7.1%)

622 (10.3%)

 

879 (7.8%)

2,337 (10.4%)

 

Frailty indexa, n (%)

  

<0.01 / 0.17

  

<0.01 / 0.12

  

<0.01 / 0.19

  

<0.01 / 0.14

 Quartile 1

988 (24.0%)

1,925 (23.4%)

 

4,926 (25.4%)

9,615 (24.8%)

 

722 (23.9%)

1,451 (24.0%)

 

2,729 (24.3%)

5,490 (24.5%)

 

 Quartile 2

1,249 (30.3%)

2,013 (24.4%)

 

5,284 (27.2%)

9,158 (23.6%)

 

935 (31.0%)

1,418 (23.5%)

 

3,234 (28.8%)

5,371 (23.9%)

 

 Quartile 3

1,014 (24.6%)

2,071 (25.2%)

 

4,952 (25.5%)

9,700 (25.0%)

 

735 (24.3%)

1,537 (25.4%)

 

2,831 (25.2%)

5,584 (24.9%)

 

 Quartile 4 (most frail)

866 (21.0%)

2,225 (27.0%)

 

4,233 (21.8%)

10,317 (26.6%)

 

629 (20.8%)

1,636 (27.1%)

 

2,423 (21.6%)

5,989 (26.7%)

 

Chronic diseasesa, n (%)

            

 Kidney disease

78 (1.9%)

252 (3.1%)

<0.01 / 0.08

205 (1.1%)

823 (2.1%)

<0.01 / 0.09

56 (1.9%)

175 (2.9%)

<0.01 / 0.07

227 (2.0%)

613 (2.7%)

<0.01 / 0.05

 Heart disease

52 (1.3%)

180 (2.2%)

<0.01 / 0.07

160 (0.8%)

612 (1.6%)

<0.01 / 0.07

41 (1.4%)

119 (2.0%)

0.04 / 0.05

140 (1.2%)

386 (1.7%)

<0.01 / 0.04

 Lung disease

284 (6.9%)

713 (8.7%)

<0.01 / 0.07

1,217 (6.3%)

3,148 (8.1%)

<0.01 / 0.07

205 (6.8%)

530 (8.8%)

<0.01 / 0.07

774 (6.9%)

2,053 (9.2%)

<0.01 / 0.08

 Liver disease

111 (2.7%)

311 (3.8%)

<0.01 / 0.06

461 (2.4%)

1,161 (3.0%)

<0.01 / 0.04

74 (2.4%)

195 (3.2%)

0.04 / 0.05

271 (2.4%)

730 (3.3%)

<0.01 / 0.05

 Diabetes

310 (7.5%)

761 (9.2%)

<0.01 / 0.06

1,318 (6.8%)

3,112 (8.0%)

<0.01 / 0.05

190 (6.3%)

492 (8.1%)

<0.01 / 0.07

831 (7.4%)

2,152 (9.6%)

<0.01 / 0.08

Immunocompromised, n (%)

67 (1.6%)

267 (3.2%)

<0.01 / 0.10

332 (1.7%)

1,068 (2.8%)

<0.01 / 0.07

46 (1.5%)

245 (4.1%)

<0.01 / 0.15

274 (2.4%)

832 (3.7%)

<0.01 / 0.07

 HIV/AIDS

3

27

 

37

82

 

2

28

 

37

99

 

 Leukemia/lymphoma, congenital and other immunodeficiencies, asplenia/hyposplenia

28

86

 

102

325

 

17

84

 

94

255

 

 Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation/organ transplant

6

22

 

15

75

 

4

25

 

29

84

 

 Immunosuppressant medications

38

168

 

212

736

 

29

158

 

173

560

 

Autoimmune conditionsa, n (%)

94 (2.3%)

221 (2.7%)

0.18 / 0.03

351 (1.8%)

841 (2.2%)

<0.01 / 0.03

66 (2.2%)

183 (3.0%)

0.02 / 0.05

253 (2.3%)

659 (2.9%)

<0.01 / 0.04

 Rheumatoid arthritis

29

107

 

125

350

 

19

77

 

100

282

 

 Inflammatory bowel disease

22

52

 

77

206

 

17

52

 

63

157

 

 Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis

37

56

 

129

241

 

25

5

 

74

197

 

 Multiple sclerosis

7

13

 

23

57

 

5

9

 

19

34

 

 Systemic lupus erythematosus

5

21

 

32

98

 

3

25

 

33

88

 

Pregnant at specimen collection date, n (%)

70 (1.7%)

244 (3.0%)

<0.01 / 0.08

343 (1.8%)

1213 (3.1%)

<0.01 / 0.09

58 (1.9%)

187 (3.1%)

<0.01 / 0.08

224 (2.0%)

691 (3.1%)

<0.01 / 0.07

 1st trimester

20

29

 

68

175

 

16

32

 

40

78

 

 2nd trimester

22

67

 

133

308

 

20

51

 

80

149

 

 3rd trimester

28

148

 

142

730

 

22

104

 

104

464

 

History of COVID-19c, n (%)

103 (2.5%)

1,637 (19.9%)

<0.01 / 0.57

2,639 (13.6%)

7,866 (20.3%)

<0.01 / 0.18

92 (3.0%)

1200 (19.9%)

<0.01 / 0.55

1,731 (15.4%)

4,062 (18.1%)

<0.01 / 0.07

History of SARS-CoV-2 molecular testc, n (%)

2,722 (66.1%)

6,456 (78.4%)

<0.01 / 0.28

13,994 (72.2%)

28,950 (74.6%)

<0.01 / 0.06

1,954 (64.7%)

4,824 (79.8%)

<0.01 / 0.34

8,199 (73.1%)

16,894 (75.3%)

<0.01 / 0.05

Number of outpatient and virtual visitsa, n (%)

 

<0.01 / 0.31

 

<0.01 / 0.19

  

<0.01 / 0.38

  

<0.01 / 0.27

 0

501 (12.2%)

571 (6.9%)

 

1,624 (8.4%)

2,510 (6.5%)

 

453 (15.0%)

491 (8.1%)

 

1,202 (10.7%)

1,434 (6.4%)

 

 1–4

1,450 (35.2%)

2,220 (27.0%)

 

6,680 (34.4%)

11,329 (29.2%)

 

1,121 (37.1%)

1,630 (27.0%)

 

3,774 (33.6%)

5,884 (26.2%)

 

 5–10

1,109 (26.9%)

2,401 (29.2%)

 

5,915 (30.5%)

11,529 (29.7%)

 

731 (24.2%)

1,656 (27.4%)

 

3,060 (27.3%)

6,420 (28.6%)

 

 ≥11

1,057 (25.7%)

3,042 (36.9%)

 

5176 (26.7%)

13422 (34.6%)

 

716 (23.7%)

2,265 (37.5%)

 

3,181 (28.4%)

8,696 (38.8%)

 

Number of emergency department visitsa, n (%)

  

<0.01 / 0.16

  

<0.01 / 0.13

  

<0.01 / 0.13

  

<0.01 / 0.09

 0

3,503 (85.1%)

6,528 (79.3%)

 

16,378 (84.4%)

31,250 (80.6%)

 

2,580 (85.4%)

4,878 (80.7%)

 

9,362 (83.5%)

18,132 (80.8%)

 

 1

443 (10.8%)

1,139 (13.8%)

 

2,270 (11.7%)

5,066 (13.1%)

 

316 (10.5%)

817 (13.5%)

 

1,366 (12.2%)

2,903 (12.9%)

 

 ≥2

171 (4.2%)

567 (6.9%)

 

747 (3.9%)

2,474 (6.4%)

 

125 (4.1%)

347 (5.7%)

 

489 (4.4%)

1,399 (6.2%)

 

Number of hospitalizationsa, n (%)

  

<0.01 / 0.09

  

<0.01 / 0.10

  

0.01 / 0.07

  

<0.01 / 0.08

 0

3,923 (95.3%)

7,697 (93.5%)

 

18,675 (96.3%)

36,624 (94.4%)

 

2,873 (95.1%)

5,670 (93.8%)

 

10,743 (95.8%)

21,177 (94.4%)

 

 1

162 (3.9%)

411 (5.0%)

 

630 (3.2%)

1,707 (4.4%)

 

123 (4.1%)

280 (4.6%)

 

416 (3.7%)

1,005 (4.5%)

 

 ≥2

32 (0.8%)

126 (1.5%)

 

90 (0.5%)

459 (1.2%)

 

25 (0.8%)

92 (1.5%)

 

58 (0.5%)

252 (1.1%)

 

Preventive carea, n (%)

2,186 (53.1%)

4,909 (59.6%)

<0.01 / 0.13

10,773 (55.5%)

23,352 (60.2%)

<0.01 / 0.09

1,450 (48.0%)

3,660 (60.6%)

<0.01 / 0.25

6,114 (54.5%)

14,617 (65.2%)

<0.01 / 0.22

Medicaid, n (%)

391 (9.5%)

844 (10.3%)

0.19 / 0.03

1,897 (9.8%)

4,461 (11.5%)

<0.01 / 0.06

310 (10.3%)

581 (9.6%)

0.33 / 0.02

1,187 (10.6%)

2,425 (10.8%)

0.53 / 0.01

Neighborhood median household income, n (%)

 

0.05 / 0.06

 

<0.01 / 0.05

  

<0.01 / 0.09

  

0.03 / 0.04

 <$40,000

179 (4.3%)

402 (4.9%)

 

812 (4.2%)

1,902 (4.9%)

 

129 (4.3%)

243 (4.0%)

 

458 (4.1%)

1,070 (4.8%)

 

 $40,000–$59,999

712 (17.3%)

1,580 (19.2%)

 

3,856 (19.9%)

8,082 (20.8%)

 

494 (16.4%)

1171 (19.4%)

 

2,175 (19.4%)

4,392 (19.6%)

 

 $60,000–$79,999

1,097 (26.6%)

2,121 (25.8%)

 

5,146 (26.5%)

9,948 (25.6%)

 

817 (27.0%)

1,483 (24.5%)

 

2,931 (26.1%)

5,740 (25.6%)

 

 $80,000+

2,126 (51.6%)

4,123 (50.1%)

 

9,563 (49.3%)

18,817 (48.5%)

 

1,579 (52.3%)

3,141 (52.0%)

 

5,636 (50.2%)

11,211 (50.0%)

 

 Unknown

3 (0.1%)

8 (0.1%)

 

18 (0.1%)

41 (0.1%)

 

2 (0.1%)

4 (0.1%)

 

17 (0.2%)

21 (0.1%)

 

KPSC physician/employee, n (%)

129 (3.1%)

609 (7.4%)

<0.01 / 0.19

806 (4.2%)

1759 (4.5%)

0.04 / 0.02

85 (2.8%)

558 (9.2%)

<0.01 / 0.27

480 (4.3%)

1,176 (5.2%)

<0.01 / 0.05

Specimen type, n (%)

  

<0.01 / 0.39

  

<0.01 / 0.21

  

<0.01 / 0.47

  

<0.01 / 0.17

 Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab

3,627 (88.1%)

5,990 (72.7%)

 

17,162 (88.5%)

31,379 (80.9%)

 

2,607 (86.3%)

4,042 (66.9%)

 

9,513 (84.8%)

17,523 (78.1%)

 

 Saliva

490 (11.9%)

2,244 (27.3%)

 

2,233 (11.5%)

7,411 (19.1%)

 

414 (13.7%)

2,000 (33.1%)

 

1,704 (15.2%)

4,911 (21.9%)

 
  1. aDefined in the 1 year before specimen collection date
  2. bDefined in the 2 years before specimen collection date
  3. cDefined on the basis of all available medical records from 1 March 2020 to specimen collection date
  4. Medical center area is not shown. There were differences in the distribution of the vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals across the 19 medical center areas.
  5. ASD, absolute standardized difference; N/A, not applicable.
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