Fig. 2: Cell product survives in large animal spinal cord.

a, Newly developed stereotaxic frame mounted on the Medtronic MAST Quadrant minimally invasive retractor system. b, Immunohistochemistry with human-specific GDNF antibody showed robust and widespread GDNF production along the lumbar spinal cord, with arrows highlighting the 2-mm injection intervals. c, A GLP study showed that only a few animals exhibited lower PNM scores during the first 3 d post-surgery, with all animals presenting PNM scores of at least 13 from day 4 until designated termination. Sample size n = 52 biologically independent animals. d, Immunohistochemistry with human-specific antibodies demonstrated cell survival (Stem121), GDNF production and differentiation into GFAP-positive astrocytes. Scale bar, 200 µm.