Table 1 Baseline characteristics by HFimpEF status and treatment group in those with HFimpEF

Age (years)

70.1 ± 10.0

72.0 ± 9.4

<0.001

69.9 ± 10.3

70.3 ± 9.8

0.58

Male sex

774 (67.2%)

2,742 (53.6%)

<0.001

387 (67.7%)

387 (66.8%)

0.77

Race

<0.001

0.10

 White

774 (67.2%)

3,665 (71.7%)

382 (66.8%)

392 (67.7%)

 Asian

290 (25.2%)

984 (19.2%)

140 (24.5%)

150 (25.9%)

 Black or African American

36 (3.1%)

123 (2.4%)

16 (2.8%)

20 (3.5%)

 American Indian or Alaska Native

21 (1.8%)

168 (3.3%)

12 (2.1%)

9 (1.6%)

 Other

30 (2.6%)

172 (3.4%)

22 (3.8%)

8 (1.4%)

Geographical region

<0.001

0.64

 Europe and Saudi Arabia

482 (41.9%)

2,523 (49.4%)

236 (41.3%)

246 (42.5%)

 Asia

284 (24.7%)

942 (18.4%)

136 (23.8%)

148 (25.6%)

 Latin America

198 (17.2%)

983 (19.2%)

106 (18.5%)

92 (15.9%)

 North America

187 (16.2%)

664 (13.0%)

94 (16.4%)

93 (16.1%)

History of atrial fibrillation or flutter

593 (51.5%)

2,959 (57.9%)

<0.001

279 (48.8%)

314 (54.2%)

0.06

 Type 2 diabetes mellitus

529 (46.0%)

2,277 (44.5%)

0.38

285 (49.8%)

244 (42.1%)

0.009

 History of myocardial infarction

400 (34.8%)

1,239 (24.2%)

<0.001

197 (34.4%)

203 (35.1%)

0.83

 History of HF hospitalization

560 (48.7%)

1,979 (38.7%)

<0.001

270 (47.2%)

290 (50.1%)

0.33

 Any coronary artery disease

676 (58.7%)

2,488 (48.7%)

<0.001

338 (59.1%)

338 (58.4%)

0.81

 Any atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

729 (63.3%)

2,823 (55.2%)

<0.001

367 (64.2%)

362 (62.5%)

0.56

 Current smoker

118 (10.3%)

366 (7.2%)

49 (8.6%)

69 (11.9%)

0.17

Baseline body mass index (kg m⁻²)

29.4 ± 6.0

29.9 ± 6.1

0.008

29.7 ± 6.2

29.2 ± 5.7

0.16

Time from diagnosis of HF to baseline

<0.001

0.62

 0–3 months

61 (5.3%)

507 (9.9%)

31 (5.4%)

30 (5.2%)

 >3–6 months

70 (6.1%)

522 (10.2%)

36 (6.3%)

34 (5.9%)

 >6–12 months

114 (9.9%)

728 (14.3%)

63 (11.0%)

51 (8.8%)

 >1–2 years

149 (12.9%)

846 (16.6%)

80 (14.0%)

69 (11.9%)

 >2–5 years

350 (30.4%)

1,219 (23.9%)

168 (29.4%)

182 (31.4%)

 >5 years

407 (35.4%)

1,285 (25.2%)

194 (33.9%)

213 (36.8%)

NYHA class at baseline

0.001

0.89

 I

0 (0%)

1 (0%)

 II

918 (79.8%)

3,795 (74.2%)

453 (79.2%)

465 (80.3%)

 III

229 (19.9%)

1,302 (25.5%)

117 (20.5%)

112 (19.3%)

 IV

4 (0.3%)

14 (0.3%)

2 (0.3%)

2 (0.3%)

 Baseline LVEF (%)

50.5 ± 8.3

55.0 ± 8.7

<0.001

50.3 ± 7.9

50.8 ± 8.7

0.29

LVEF group

<0.001

0.47

 ≤40

1 (0.1%)

3 (0.1%)

1 (0.2%)

0 (0%)

 ≥41–49

623 (54.1%)

1,489 (29.1%)

313 (54.7%)

310 (53.5%)

 50–59

328 (28.5%)

1,928 (37.7%)

167 (29.2%)

161 (27.8%)

 ≥60

199 (17.3%)

1,692 (33.1%)

91 (15.9%)

108 (18.7%)

Baseline NT-proBNP (pg ml⁻¹)

1,009 (623–1,728)

1,012 (623–1,753)

0.96

1,010 (627–1,812)

1,007 (614–1,688)

0.40

Baseline ECG atrial fibrillation/flutter

424 (36.8%)

2,220 (43.4%)

<0.001

208 (36.4%)

216 (37.3%)

0.74

Baseline systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

127.2 ± 16.6

128.5 ± 15.0

0.016

127.3 ± 16.8

127.2 ± 16.5

0.87

Baseline eGFR (ml min⁻¹ per 1.73 m²)

61.9 ± 19.2

60.8 ± 19.1

0.10

61.9 ± 19.0

61.8 ± 19.3

0.90

 Loop diuretics

883 (76.8%)

3,928 (76.9%)

0.96

446 (78.0%)

437 (75.6%)

0.34

 ACE inhibitor

458 (39.8%)

1,837 (35.9%)

0.014

224 (39.2%)

234 (40.5%)

0.65

 ARB

337 (29.3%)

1,935 (37.9%)

<0.001

166 (29.0%)

171 (29.6%)

0.83

 Neprilysin inhibitor/ARB (ARNI)

152 (13.2%)

149 (2.9%)

<0.001

73 (12.8%)

79 (13.7%)

0.65

 Beta blocker

991 (86.2%)

4,186 (81.9%)

<0.001

486 (85.0%)

505 (87.4%)

0.24

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist

580 (50.4%)

2,087 (40.8%)

<0.001

290 (50.7%)

290 (50.2%)

0.86

 ICD

59 (5.1%)

54 (1.1%)

<0.001

36 (6.3%)

23 (4.0%)

0.07

ACE inhibitor, ARB, ARNI and beta blocker

826 (72%)

3,233 (63%)

<0.001

399 (69.8%)

427 (73.9%)

0.12

ACE inhibitor, ARB, ARNI, beta blocker and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist

425 (37%)

1,406 (28%)

<0.001

208 (36.4%)

217 (37.5%)

0.68