Fig. 1: Example participant with non-suppressible viremia (LV1).

a, Viral loads and CD4⁺ T cell count from the time of virologic suppression. Downward blue and orange arrows indicate timing of drug resistance and plasma drug level testing, respectively. Sampling times for viral genetic analyses are in black arrows. Antiretroviral resistance mutations from both clinical testing and the largest plasma clone from single-genome sequencing are shown in the table insert. The "(C)" denotes a clinical resistance testing result. b, Neighbor joining trees of proviral and plasma pol-env sequences in blue and red, respectively. Producers defined as proviruses with exact matches to plasma HIV-1 RNA sequences. Non-producers are proviruses that do not match any plasma HIV-1 RNA sequences. Shape indicates sampling time point, corresponding to black arrows in a. RPV, rilpivirine; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; FTC, emtricitabine; ATV/r, atazanavir/ritonavir; TAF, tenofovir alafenamide; DTG, dolutegravir; DRV/r, darunavir/ritonavir; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; IN, integrase; PI, protease inhibitor.