Fig. 1: Flowchart and study design.

Data-collection flowchart (left) and schematic illustrating study design (right). ICU, intensive care unit; DoC, disorder of consciousness; GOS-E, Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended (levels range from 1 to 8, with higher levels indicating better outcomes); Se, sensitivity; Sp, specificity; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.