Table 2 Determinants of kidney allograft rejection in the derivation cohort: univariate analysis

Baseline recipient characteristics

1,415

227

0.997

(0.987–1.006)

0.473

Sex

Female

541

95

1

–

Male

874

132

0.835

(0.627–1.117)

0.221

Baseline donor characteristics

1,410

226

0.992

(0.983–1.000)

0.051

Sex

Female

684

118

1

–

Male

724

107

0.832

(0.625–1.106)

0.206

Donor type

Living

394

60

1

–

Deceased

1,020

167

1.090

(0.795–1.512)

0.599

Expanded criteria donor

No

901

136

1

–

Yes

495

89

1.233

(0.918–1.650)

0.161

Baseline transplant characteristics

Prior kidney transplant

No

1,184

169

1

–

Yes

231

58

2.014

(1.427–2.814)

5.21 × 10⁻⁵

Cold ischemia time

<12 hours

561

78

1

–

12–24 hours

537

89

1.230

(0.885–1.714)

≥24 hours

303

57

1.435

(0.984–2.083)

0.154

Dual kidney transplant

No

1,350

212

1

–

Yes

65

15

1.610

(0.860–2.851)

0.117

No. of HLA-A/B/DR mismatches

1,403

223

1.110

(1.010–1.222)

0.032

Time of biopsy

Time from transplant to biopsy (per 1-year increment)

1,415

227

1.086

(1.050–1.122)

<2 × 10⁻¹⁶

Functional parameters

eGFR (ml min⁻¹1.73 m⁻²)

1,415

227

0.975

(0.967–0.983)

5.32 × 10⁻⁵

Proteinuria (g/g) (log transformation)

1,411

227

1.434

(1.285–1.603)

1.52 × 10⁻¹⁰

Clinical parameters at the time of biopsy

Kidney graft dysfunction^a

No

1,185

160

1

–

Yes

229

67

2.649

(1.898–3.674)

7.06 × 10⁻⁹

Previous episode of rejection

No

1,316

178

1

–

Yes

99

49

6.265

(4.095–9.590)

<2 × 10⁻¹⁶

Immunological parameters at the time of biopsy

Anti-HLA DSA mean fluorescence intensity

<500

861

76

1

–

500–2,999

426

93

2.885

(2.078–4.016)

3,000–5,999

54

20

6.076

(3.290–10.997)

≥6,000

59

37

17.371

(9.833–31.383)

<2 × 10⁻¹⁶

dd-cfDNA (log transformation)

1,415

227

2.599

(2.216–3.068)

<2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶