Fig. 3: Associations between ICD-10 level 3 maternal diagnoses and offspring autism from reference models (single-diagnosis models in the sibling sample) and sibling analysis (stratified by family identification number).
From: Familial confounding in the associations between maternal health and autism
Point estimates for each diagnosis are HRs from a model adjusted for maternal age at childbirth, child’s sex and year of birth, maternal income and education, and maternal healthcare utilization in the 12 months preceding childbirth. All analyses presented in this figure were restricted to individuals with at least one sibling in the sample (851,570 of the 1,131,899 mother–child dyads in the full birth cohort). The potential differences between the results from the single-diagnosis analysis in the subsample of siblings only and the full sample are likely attributable to the potential differences in sample composition and sample size. Due to the extremely low number of sibling pairs discordant for maternal schizophrenia status and autism (19 pairs), the point estimate from the sibling analysis is out of bounds (HR 0.34, 95% CI 0.06–1.93). The error bars represent 95% CIs calculated using point estimates and robust standard errors from the respective regression model.
