Table 1 Baseline demographics
Parameters | Lifestyle intervention group (n = 251) | Usual care (n = 248) |
|---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Male | 208 (82.9%) | 210 (84.7%) |
Female | 43 (17.1%) | 38 (15.3%) |
Age at inclusion (year) | 68 (8) | 68 (7) |
Body mass index (kg m−2) | 30.2 (5.0) | 30.0 (4.6) |
Resting heart rate (beats per min) | 68 (11) | 71 (12) |
Blood pressure (mm Hg) | ||
Systolic | 137 (17) | 138 (18) |
Diastolic | 78 (10) | 80 (10) |
CHD and T2DM | ||
Duration of CHD (year) | 9.3 (8.2) | 8.2 (6.2) |
CHD classification | ||
no relevant stenosis (<50%) | 46 (18.3%) | 41 (16.5%) |
1 vessel disease | 53 (21.1%) | 62 (25.0%) |
2 vessel disease | 47 (18.7%) | 37 (14.9%) |
3 vessel disease | 64 (25.5%) | 74 (29.8%) |
Left main coronary disease | 5 (2.0%) | 4 (1.6%) |
Unknown | 36 (14.3%) | 29 (11.7%) |
CCS score | ||
Grade 0—no angina | 208 (82.9%) | 196 (79.0%) |
Grade I—angina only with strenuous physical activity | 34 (13.5%) | 39 (15.7%) |
Grade II—slight limitation of ordinary activity | 7 (2.8%) | 12 (4.8%) |
Grade III–IV—marked limitation of ordinary physical activity or inability to carry on any physical activity without discomfort | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.4%) |
Previous myocardial infarction | 91 (36.3%) | 80 (32.3%) |
Coronary revascularization | 139 (55.4%) | 135 (54.4%) |
Coronary artery bypass graft | 38 (15.1%) | 44 (17.7%) |
Duration of T2DM (year) | 12.2 (8.9) | 12.3 (7.9) |
HbA1c | ||
Percentage | 6.8 (0.9) | 6.9 (1.0) |
mmol mol−1 | 51 (9.8) | 52 (10.9) |
<7.0% (<53 mmol mol−1) | 165 (66%) | 152 (61%) |
7.0–7.9% (53–63 mmol mol−1) | 57 (23%) | 65 (26%) |
≥8.0% (≥64 mmol mol−1) | 26 (10%) | 31 (13%) |
Number of oral antidiabetic agents | ||
0 | 42 (16.7%) | 42 (16.9%) |
1 | 97 (38.6%) | 108 (43.5%) |
2 | 82 (32.7%) | 75 (30.2%) |
≥3 | 30 (12.0%) | 22 (8.9%) |
Patients treated with insulin | 73 (29.1%) | 64 (25.8%) |
Other cardiovascular risk factors and diseases | ||
Hypertension | 233 (92.8%) | 228 (91.9%) |
Hyperlipidemia | 216 (86.1%) | 213 (85.9%) |
Smoking | ||
No (never smoked) | 102 (40.6%) | 83 (33.5%) |
Ex-smoker | 124 (49.4%) | 135 (54.4%) |
Current | 25 (10.0%) | 30 (12.1%) |
Heart failure | ||
HFpEF (LVEF ≥ 50%) | 35 (13.9%) | 33 (13.3%) |
HFmrEF (LVEF 41–49%) | 14 (5.6%) | 16 (6.5%) |
HFrEF (LVEF ≤ 40%) | 10 (4.6%) | 7 (2.8%) |
Atrial fibrillation | ||
Paroxysmal | 33 (13.1%) | 31 (12.5%) |
Persistent | 8 (3.2%) | 9 (3.6%) |
Permanent | 4 (1.6%) | 11 (4.4%) |
Exercise capacity | ||
Peak oxygen consumption | ||
ml kg−1 min−1 | 18.7 (4.8) | 18.6 (4.4) |
Percentage of predicted norm valuesa | 82.2 (17.4) | 81.6 (13.6) |
Level of education | ||
Low | 8 (3.4%) | 4 (1.7%) |
Medium | 112 (47.5%) | 106 (45.7%) |
High | 116 (49.2%) | 122 (52.6%) |
Technical competencies | ||
Having your own mobile device | ||
Yes | 205 (81.7%) | 195 (78.6%) |
No | 33 (13.1%) | 32 (12.9%) |
Usage of mobile applications | ||
Daily | 153 (61.0%) | 141 (56.9%) |
Weekly | 21 (8.4%) | 21 (8.5%) |
Less than weekly/never | 64 (25.5%) | 65 (26.2%) |
Handling of technical devices | ||
Rather easy | 47 (18.7%) | 30 (12.1%) |
Rather difficult | 173 (68.9%) | 167 (67.3%) |
Unknown | 15 (6.0%) | 29 (8.5%) |
