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Cancer treatment paradigms in the precision medicine era

To fully harness precision medicine and transform cancer care for the better will require a strategic shift to highly personalized interventions that embrace innovation and adaptability.

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Correspondence to Vivek Subbiah.

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Competing interests

The content is solely the responsibility of the author and does not necessarily represent the official views of their institutions. V.S. has received research funding for clinical trials paid to his institution from Abbvie, Amgen, Bayer, Blueprint Medicine, Exelixis, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte, Inhibrix, Eli Lilly/Loxo Oncology, MedImmune, NanoCarrier, Novartis, PharmaMar, Pfizer, Relay Therapeutics,Roche/Genentech, Takeda, Turning Point Therapeutics and Vegenics; payments in a consulting/advisory role (paid to institution) to Abbvie, Astex Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Genmab, Incyte, Lilly/Loxo Oncology, Novartis, Obsidian Therapeutics, Pfizer, Pheon Therapeutics, Regeneron, Relay Therapeutics, Roche, Endeavor Biomedicines, RevMed and Lab Genius; and payments for other consulting/advisory role/CME roles from Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Incyte, Loxo Oncology /Lilly, Novartis, Relay Therapeutics, Daiichi Sankyo, Illumina, Bayer, Medscape, OncLive, Clinical Care Communications, PERS and Med Learning Group. G.C. has received research grants from Merck; has received honoraria from Ellipses Pharma; has received support for attending meetings and/or travel from Roche/Genentech, Pfizer, Daiichi Sankyo and AstraZeneca; has a leadership role for the ESMO, the European Society of Breast Cancer Specialists and ESMO Open; is a speakers’ bureau member for Roche/Genentech, Novartis, Pfizer, Lilly, Foundation Medicine, Samsung, Daiichi Sankyo, Seagen, Menarini, Gilead Sciences, AstraZeneca and Exact Sciences; and has held consulting or advisory roles for Roche/Genentech, Pfizer, Novartis, Lilly, Foundation Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Samsung, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Seagen, Guardant Health, Veracyte, Celcuity, Hengrui Therapeutics, Menarini, Merck, Exact Sciences, Blueprint Medicines and Gilead Sciences. R.K. has received research funding from Boehringer Ingelheim, Debiopharm, Foundation Medicine, Genentech, Grifols, Guardant, Incyte, Konica Minolta, Medimmune, Merck Serono, Omniseq, Pfizer, Sequenom, Sysmex, Takeda, and TopAlliance and from the NCI; as well as consultant and/or speaker fees and/or advisory board/consultant for Actuate Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Bicara Therapeutics, Inc., Biological Dynamics, Caris, Daiichi, Datar Cancer Genetics, EISAI, EMD Serono, EOM Pharmaceuticals, Iylon, Jackson Laboratories, LabCorp, Lanauria Therapeutics, Merck, NeoGenomics, Neomed, Pfizer, Precirix, Prosperdtx, Quanta Therapeutics, Recordati, Regeneron, Roche, TD2/Volastra, Turning Point Therapeutics, X-Biotech; has an equity interest in CureMatch Inc.; serves on the Board of CureMatch and CureMetrix and XZOM, and is a co-founder of CureMatch. K.T. has received research funding for the IMPRESS-Norway trial paid to his institution from Roche, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Illumina, AstraZeneca, Merck, GlaxoSmithKline and Johnson & Johnson and has served as consultant and/or advisory board for Serca Pharmaceuticals and Exscientia. A.M. has served as an advisor/consultant for AstraZeneca, Edgewood Oncology, Guardant Health, Illumina, Myriad Genetics, Natera, Novartis, SAGA Diagnostics and Science for America, outside the submitted work.

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Subbiah, V., Curigliano, G., Sicklick, J.K. et al. Cancer treatment paradigms in the precision medicine era. Nat Med (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-03711-w

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