Extended Data Fig. 3: Effects of Physical and REVERIE sports interventions on metabolic-related outcomes.

(a) Average heart rate (HR) and (b) average exercise intensity during intervention sports classes (n = 51 in Physical; n = 79 in REVERIE). (c) The attendance that participants adhered to exercise classes (n = 85 in Physical; n = 80 in REVERIE). (d) The days that participants adhered to dietary recommendation (n = 46 in control; n = 85 in Physical; n = 80 in REVERIE). Effects of interventions on (e) fat mass, (f) body weight, (g) fat-free mass (FFM) percentage, (h) alanine aminotransferase (ALT), (i) gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), (j) total cholesterol (TC), (k) triglycerides (TG) and (l) low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In a-c, unpaired Student’s t test was performed to compare the differences between Physical and REVERIE sports groups. In d, one-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD post hoc was performed to analyse differences among groups. (e-l) n = 47 in control; n = 89 in Physical; n = 91 in REVERIE. Paired Student’s t test was performed to verify changes from baseline (intragroup changes). A capped line with † indicates a significant intragroup difference (P < 0.05 †, P < 0.01 ††, P < 0.001 †††). Intragroup P values were 0.002 (body weight in REVERIE), 0.004 (GGT in REVERIE), 0.001 (TC in Physical), 0.007 (TG in REVERIE), and 0.003/0.001 (LDL-C in Physical/REVERIE). Intergroup changes were compared by ANCOVA (or a linear mixed model) adjusted for baseline, followed by Fisher’s LSD. A bar marked with * indicates significance of vs. control (P < 0.05 *, P < 0.01 **, P < 0.001 ***). P values were 0.004 (body weight, REVERIE-control), 0.003 (GGT, REVERIE-control), 0.005 (TC, REVERIE-control), 0.012 (TG, REVERIE-control), and 0.015/0.001 (LDL-C in Physical/REVERIE-control). A line with # under the groups indicates significance between Physical and REVERIE sports group (P < 0.05 #, P < 0.01 ##); p values were 0.036 (TC) and 0.008 (TG). Data are shown as box-and-whisker plots (median, quartiles, 5th-95th percentiles, and outliers as points). All P values are two-sided and not adjusted for multiple testing.