Fig. 3: Consistent relationship between VZV reactivation and the risk of dementia diagnosis across exposures, vaccine dosage and time.
From: Varicella-zoster virus reactivation and the risk of dementia
a, When directly comparing the recombinant (RZV) to the ZVL, RZV was associated with a lower dementia risk (cumulative hazard, y axis) at 5 years after index date (x axis). b, Receiving two or more doses of RZV was associated with a substantially lower risk of dementia at 3 and 5 years after index date compared to having received only a single dose of RZV. The postmatching cohort characteristics for comparisons shown in this figure are presented in Supplementary Table 24. The curves show the Nelson–Aalen estimates of the cumulative hazard function (y axis) over the follow-up period (x axis) with a 95% CI band (shaded areas around each curve) for each cohort being compared. Cumulative hazards at specific time points are compared between the cohorts based on RR using a two-sided chi-squared statistic with 1 degree of freedom without adjusting for multiple comparisons. Superscript letter ‘a’ indicates censored, cumulative number of individuals who were lost to follow-up or had died until each time point; superscript letter ‘b’ indicates cumulative numbers of individuals with the event of interest (dementia diagnosis) until each time point. NMD, normalized mean difference; RR, relative risk.
