Fig. 3: Viral load kinetics during ATI.

a–d Individual plasma HIV-1 RNA levels (log scale) of participants receiving (a) two doses of budigalimab 2 mg IV Q4W with ATI starting at week 4 with the second dose (n = 9; one participant maintained a viral load <50 copies ml⁻¹ through ATI to study end); (b) two doses of budigalimab 10 mg IV Q4W with ATI starting at week 4 with the second dose (n = 10); (c) four doses of budigalimab 10 mg IV Q2W with ATI starting on day 0 with the first dose (n = 11; two participants discontinued study drug: one for protocol violation (prohibited live vaccination) and one for AE (grade 1 reversible hyperthyroidism)); and (d) placebo in stage I or stage II (n = 9). Blue lines represent participants taking budigalimab and not exhibiting a delay in viral rebound (>21 days) and/or off-ART viral control (<200 copies ml⁻¹); purple and black lines represent participants taking budigalimab and experiencing a delay in viral rebound and/or off-ART viral control, with black lines differentiating the participants who remained off ART for entire study period; and gray lines represent participants receiving placebo. Data points marked with an X represent the last observed point before reinitiation of ART. Dashed line represents LOD of viral load assay (20 copies ml⁻¹). ART, antiretroviral therapy; ATI, analytical treatment interruption; cp, copies; IV, intravenous; LOD, limit of detection; Q2W, every 2 weeks; Q4W, every 4 weeks.