Extended Data Fig. 5: Analysis of fast axial motion.

a, raw fluorescence trace (black) and low-pass filtered fluorescence signal (Gaussian filter, 150 ms time constant, red). Blue crosses show the negative transients selected by the following analysis. b, high-pass filtered trace obtained by subtracting a low-pass filtered fluorescence from the raw trace. c, high-pass filtered signal from b scaled with the square root of the low-pass filtered fluorescence signal and the chosen threshold (red line). d, fluorescence trace obtained by low-pass filtering the raw signal (Gaussian filter, 30 ms). Black crosses show timings, when events were selected. e, fluorescence trace obtained by applying a rolling-average of 2 frames on the raw data. Black crosses show timings, when events were selected. f, individual examples (blue) and mean (red) of relative changes of fluorescence centered around the selected events from one neuron over 200 s of imaging data (<20 events from 6000 frames). Mean from rolling 2 frame average filtered data for the same data segments shown in black. g, average event trace (red) and the corresponding filtered traces with a rolling average of 2 frames filter (black), 30 ms Gaussian filter (green), 50 ms Gaussian filter (cyan) and 75 ms Gaussian filter (magenta). h, sequence of 7 consecutive images from the frame sequence averaged around detected events. Frame 4 corresponds to the average detected event. Neuron of interest outlined in red in frame 4. i, heat map of the probability of occurrence of events over the track. j, histograms of probabilities of the occurrence of events over the range measured during imaging for acceleration (upper left), velocity (lower left), angular acceleration (upper right) and angular velocity (lower right).