Table 2 Examples of public image data archives and AVDBs

Correlative light and electron microscopy

Links of functional information across spatial and temporal scales with ultrastructural detail

Cell biologists, structural biologists and modelers / structural models that span spatial and temporal scales

EMPIAR (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/emdb/empiar)

¹⁹

Cell and tissue atlases

Construction, composition and orientation of biological systems in normal and pathological states

Health scientists / educational resources, reference for construction of tissues, organisms

Allen Brain Atlas (https://www.brain-map.org); Allen Cell Explorer (https://www.allencell.org/); Human Protein Atlas (https://www.proteinatlas.org); Mitotic Cell Atlas (https://www.mitocheck.org/mitotic_cell_atlas); The Whole Brain Atlas (http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/home.html); eMouse Atlas Project (https://www.emouseatlas.org/); Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (https://portal.hubmapconsortium.org/)

^{17,20,21,22,23}

Benchmark and reference datasets

Standardized test datasets for new algorithm development

Algorithm developers / testing systems

EMDataBank (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/emdb/); BBBC (https://data.broadinstitute.org/bbbc); IDR (https://idr.openmicroscopy.org); CELL Image Library (http://www.cellimagelibrary.org); Single Molecule Localization Microscopy (http://bigwww.epfl.ch/smlm/datasets)

^11,24,25,26

Systematic phenotyping

Comprehensive studies of cell structure, systems and response

Cell biologists, physiologists / queries for genes or inhibitor effects

MitoCheck (http://www.mitocheck.org); SSBD (https://ssbd.riken.jp); IMPC (http://www.mousephenotype.org)

^22,27,28

Whole organ and systems

Studies of whole tissues, animals or humans

Radiologists, physicians, algorithm developers, cell and systems biologists

Human Connectome Project (http://www.humanconnectomeproject.org/)

The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) (https://www.cancerimagingarchive.net/)

Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (http://adni.loni.usc.edu/)

European Population Imaging Infrastructure (EPI2) (http://populationimaging.eu/)

The BRAINS Imagebank (http://www.brainsimagebank.ac.uk/)

Japanese Society of Radiological Technology (JSRT) (http://db.jsrt.or.jp/eng.php)

^{29,30,31,32,33}