Extended Data Fig. 8: Removing Pixelation artifacts.
From: Deep learning enables fast and dense single-molecule localization with high accuracy
Dim, dense out-of-focus localizations have a bias towards the pixel center (a,c). This is apparent as a non-uniform distribution of the sub-pixel positions in x and y (bottom row). This bias is not visible if every localization is rendered as a Gaussian with a standard deviation equal to the predicted uncertainty s (b,g). Filtering according to the detection probability reduces the artifact (d). Filtering according to the predicted uncertainty σ (f) or the fluorophore z-position (e) also removes the pixelation artifact. Scale bars 10 μm (a,b) and 1 μm (c-g). The overview images (a,b) are rendered with a pixel size of 10 nm, the zoom-ins (c-g) with a with a pixel size of 4 nm. The camera used to record the data has a pixel size of 117 × 127 nm.
