Extended Data Fig. 6: Comparing real to simulated spherical treadmill rotational velocities during tethered walking.

Spherical treadmill rotations depend on a tethered fly’s (A) inclination (Φ, green), (B) lateral, and (C) longitudinal positions with respect to the ball (green outlines). These positions (orange dots) were automatically detected and recreated in the simulation. Rotational velocities of the spherical treadmill generated by three real flies (blue) were compared with those generated by NeuroMechFly (orange) for (D) forward, (E) lateral, and (F) yaw axes. Spearman correlation coefficients (ρ) comparing blue and orange traces are indicated.