Extended Data Fig. 5: Gait analysis of mice implanted with hydrogel fibers.
From: Fatigue-resistant hydrogel optical fibers enable peripheral nerve optogenetics during locomotion
a, Image of a mouse implanted with a hydrogel fiber moving on a running wheel. The mouse is labeled with nodes for the ferrule, neck, back, iliac crest, hip, knee, ankle, and toe. b, c, Frequency of gait cycle (that is, fiber stretch cycle, b) and strain amplitude of hydrogel fibers (c) during mice movement on a running wheel from week 0 to week 6. d, Images of a mouse rearing and grooming when implanted with a hydrogel fiber. The mouse is labeled with nodes for the ferrule, neck, back, iliac crest, hip, knee, ankle, and toe. The fiber length, highlighted in blue, is calculated by the total length of the segments starting from the ferrule to the middle point between the hip and knee. e, Quantified strain amplitude of hydrogel fibers during mice running, rearing, and grooming. f-j, Kinematic stick diagram of mouse hindlimb movement on a running wheel on week 0 (f) before implantation, and week 1 (g), week 2 (h), week 4 (i) and week 6 (j) after implantation. A gait cycle is composed of a stance phase (left) and a swing phase (right) in the kinematic stick diagram. The nodes represent the iliac crest, hip, knee, ankle, and toe from top to bottom. k, Representative plot of distance between the fore toe to hind toe over time during mice movement on a running wheel. The total time period is divided into a few gait cycles, and each cycle is discomposed to a swing phase and a stance phase according to the positive or negative slope. l, Representative plots of knee angle variation during mice hindlimb movement on a running wheel from week 0 to week 6. m, Quantified maximum knee angle during mice hindlimb movement on a running wheel from week 0 to week 6. n, Representative plots of ankle angle variation during mice hindlimb movement on a running wheel from week 0 to week 6. o, Quantified maximum ankle angle during mice hindlimb movement on a running wheel from week 0 to week 6. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test for b,c,e,m,o. ns: not significant.
