Extended Data Fig. 7: Full data of SOFI-SN2N results and SN2N-assisted expansion microscopy (ExM-SN2N).

a, The whole field-of-views of the wide-field (top left), 20-frames 2^nd order SOFI (2^nd SOFI 20f, top right), 2D-SIM (bottom left), and 20-frame 2^nd order SOFI-SN2N (bottom right) images (c.f., Fig. 6b). b, SN2N results of 2^nd, 3^rd, and 4^th orders SOFI (from left to right) using 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 frames (from top to bottom) (c.f., Fig. 6e). c-e, Average SSIM values of 2^nd (c), 3^rd (d), and 4^th (e) SOFI-SN2N results (n = 5, mearsurements). (f) Comparison of temporal and spatial sampling methods. From left to right: SOFI reconstruction, SN2N result using temporal sampling (the first 20 frames vs. the second 20 frames), and SN2N result using spatial sampling. g, A 2 times-expanded (2×, top) and 4-times expanded (4×, bottom) COS-7 cell was immunostained with a primary antibody against α-tubulin and a second antibody conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488 under wide-field microscopy (left) and its SN2N denoised result (right). Signal-to-background ratios (SBR) are labeled. h, Magnified views of the white boxed regions in g under ExM (top) and SN2N denoised results (bottom). i, Intensity profiles and multiple Gaussian fitting of the filaments indicated by the white arrows in h. Numbers represent the distances between peaks; a.u., arbitrary units. j, A 4.5-times expanded (4.5×) COS-7 cell labeled with Sec61β–GFP under wide-field microscopy (left) and its SN2N denoised result (right). k, Enlarged regions enclosed by the white box in j seen under ExM-4.5× (left) and its SN2N result (right). Centerline, medians; limits, 75% and 25%; whiskers, maximum and minimum; error bars, s.e.m. Experiments were repeated three times independently with similar results; scale bars, 2 µm (a), 1 µm (b, h, j, k), and 5 μm (g).