Fig. 1: ‘Digitalized’ organoids principle.

a, Schematic depicting the pipeline. Top, Organoids were imaged using 3D fluorescence microscopy. Middle, The complete 3D digitalization of organoids consists of three layers of segmentation. Bottom, The resulting data are understandable through data mining. b, Nuclei and cell segmentation applied on a primary PDAC organoid. The white arrows indicate low-intensity nuclei.