Supplementary Figure 5: Postsynaptic effects of ChR2-dependent VIP BLA interneuron activation.
From: Adaptive disinhibitory gating by VIP interneurons permits associative learning
a, Fractions of BLA cells inhibited by optogenetic VIP interneuron network stimulation in vitro significantly differs in PNs compared to PV and SOM interneurons (PV, 79%, 11 of 14 cells; SOM, 92%, 11 of 12 cells; PN, 8%, 1 of 12 cells; Pearson’s χ2 test, P<0.0001, Fisher’s exact test, two-sided, PV vs PN, P=0.0005, SOM vs PN, P=0.0001). b, Location of electrode tips and optical fiber placement for in vivo single-unit recordings. Blue shades indicate maximum virus spread (N=6 mice). LA, lateral amygdala; BA, basal amygdala; CEA, central amygdala. c, Electrophysiological identification of putative interneurons and projection neurons in vivo. Recorded BLA neurons (n=68 cells from N=6 mice) were classified as putative interneurons (n=6, orange circles) or putative projection neurons (n=62, gray circles) based on three extracellular electrophysiological properties: firing frequency, spike half width and afterhyperpolarization (AHP, see methods). Insets show corresponding normalized action potential waveforms. d, Examples of putative BLA interneurons inhibited by VIP interneuron photostimulation (2 s). Dots indicate individual action potentials in repeated trials, bottom PSTH shows average frequency across 100 trials. e, Fraction of putative BLA interneurons significantly inhibited or disinhibited by VIP interneuron photostimulation (n=6, left) and corresponding average z-scored activity profiles (right; inhibited, n=3, disinhibited, n=1, not responsive, n=2). f, Mean z-scored activity of all recorded putative PNs (n=62) and interneurons (n=6) averaged independent of response profile. Traces in e and f are mean with s.e.m. or traces from individual cells if n<3. *** P<0.001. Details of statistical analysis are listed in Supplementary Table 3.
