Supplementary Figure 1: Heterogeneity of CS and US responses in BLA interneuron subtypes.

a, Representative example image of GCaMP6 expression in VIP interneurons in the BLA of VIP-cre mice. Scale bar, 20 µm. b, Quantification of co-localization of viral GCaMP6 expression with VIP detected by immunohistochemistry (N=3 mice). c, Schematic illustrating reconstructed implant sites of GRIN lenses (blue lines) within the BLA of VIP-cre mice for deep brain imaging experiments presented in Fig. 1 matched to a mouse brain atlas (N=7 mice). LA, lateral amygdala; BA, basal amygdala; CEA, central amygdala. d, Freezing levels before and after fear conditioning in GRIN lens-implanted VIP-cre mice (N=7). e, Representative example image of GCaMP6 expression in PV interneurons in the BLA of PV-cre mice. Scale bar, 20 µm. f, Left to right, GRIN lens implant sites in PV-cre mice (N=4), example Ca²⁺ responses of PV BLA interneurons to CS+ and US presentations during fear conditioning and percentage of cells with significantly increased or decreased Ca²⁺ responses during stimulus presentations (n=46 cells from N=4 mice). g, Example image of GCaMP6 expression in SOM interneurons in the BLA of SOM-cre mice. Scale bar, 20 µm. h, Left to right, GRIN lens implant sites in SOM-cre mice (N=5), example Ca²⁺ responses to CS+ and US presentations during fear conditioning and percentage of SOM interneurons with significantly increased or decreased Ca²⁺ responses during stimulus presentations (n=152 cells from N=5 mice). i, Fraction of US responsive VIP, PV and SOM BLA interneurons averaged across mice US excited: Kruskal-Wallis test, H=9.759, P=0.0018; Dunn’s multiple comparisons test, VIP vs SOM, P=0.0156, PV vs SOM, P=0.0261; US inhibited: Kruskal-Wallis test, H=8.639, P=0.0054; Dunn’s multiple comparisons test, VIP vs SOM, P=0.0109). j, Fraction of CS+ responsive VIP, PV and SOM BLA interneurons averaged across mice (CS+ inhibited: Kruskal-Wallis test, H=7.815, P=0.0112; Dunn’s multiple comparisons test, VIP vs SOM, P=0.0156). k, Fraction of CS- responsive VIP, PV and SOM BLA interneurons averaged across mice. For panels i-k: VIP, N=7 mice; PV, N=4; SOM, N=5. Example images and traces are representative for N=7 mice (a), N=4 (e, f), N=5 (g,h). Box-and-whisker plots show median values and 25^th/75^th percentiles with 10^th to 90^th percentile whiskers, dots additionally indicate the mean. Bar graphs are mean and s.e.m., circles individual data points. * P<0.05. Details of statistical analysis are listed in Supplementary Table 3.