Extended Data Fig. 1: Schematics of pretraining protocol.

Schematics of pretraining phases 1 (left) and 2 (right). a, Schematic of example learning enclosures. b, Learning in pretraining phase 1 involved associating a tone with delivery of sucrose from one dispenser. In pretraining phase 2, animals learned two new LED-tone-outcome associations each day. c, In pretraining phase 1 animals initially explored the control enclosure and then experienced between 2-6 sessions of tone-defined trials. In pretraining phase 2, after exploring the control enclosure and the learning enclosure (with each LED set active in turn), tone-defined trials were presented in 6 learning sessions (3 in contingency X and 3 in contingency Y) that were pseudo-randomly ordered each day. No probe tests were carried out in either pretraining phase.