Extended Data Fig. 7: A/X Sensory and A/X Memory Encoding have Opposite Effects on C/C* Encoding.

Trial-by-trial correlation of encoding strength along three relevant axes: A/X sensory, C/C* sensory, and A/X memory. Positive and negative values on each encoding axis indicate correct and incorrect projections, respectively. All lines show mean and 95% confidence interval of bootstrapped linear regressions; slope, correlation (r) and p-values (all one-sided bootstrap tests, uncorrected for multiple comparisons across panels) are listed in plots. a-b, Correlation between A/X sensory encoding strength (x-axis; 10–110 ms) and A/X memory encoding strength (y-axis; 360–460 ms) on (a) Day 1 and (b) Day 4. Consistent with a transformation of A/X information from sensory to memory, there is a significant correlation on Day 1 and 4. c-f, Relationship between A/X encoding strength (x-axis) and C/C* sensory encoding strength (y-axis). A/X encoding strength by the sensory and memory axes was estimated during the 50 ms prior to C/C* onset (300–350 ms). C/C* sensory encoding strength was estimated during C/C* (360–460 ms). Panels show correlations between C/C* representation and A/X sensory representation (c and d) or A/X memory representation (e and f). Correlations are shown for both expected stimuli (c and e; ABCD, XYC*D) and unexpected stimuli (d and f; ABC*D, XYCD). c, On day 4, A/X sensory encoding was positively correlated with C/C* encoding accuracy on expected trials (ABCD, XYC*D). d, On day 4, A/X sensory encoding was negatively correlated with C/C* encoding accuracy on unexpected trials (ABC*D, XYCD). e, On day 4 there was no significant correlation between A/X memory encoding accuracy and C/C* encoding on expected trials. f, On day 4, A/X memory encoding accuracy was positively correlated with C/C* encoding during unexpected trials.