Extended Data Fig. 8: GLM weights as a function of time from stimulus onset for three example areas.

Data from V1, AL and POR neurons that were significantly modulated by the visual stimulus regressors. a, Mean stimulus-aligned inferred spike activity of neurons that were significantly stimulus-modulated in the encoding model, shown for all 10 stimuli that were part of the learned categories. Across neurons and mice, the stimulus space was flipped such that the preferred category of each neuron was positioned left-top (gray/black solid traces), and the non-preferred category was at the right-bottom (gray/black dotted traces). The schematic on the right indicates the fitting of a GLM, resulting in weighted kernels describing how individual components of the task and the mouse’s behavior best predict the neurons’ inferred spike activity patterns. Scale bars, vertical, 0.5 inferred spikes/s, horizontal, 3 s. b, The mean (±s.e.m.) weight kernel associated with the preferred (solid lines) and non-preferred (dotted lines) category, averaged across neurons. The kernels were calculated using exclusively the category-specific regressors (labeled ‘Category’, left), or the orientation and spatial frequency-specific regressors (labeled ‘Feature’, right). The in-task baseline session (‘baseline 3’) is depicted in gray, the in-task session after categories were learned (‘learned 1’) is shown in black. The kernel frames were spaced 500 ms apart in time. c, Columns show semantic CTI, feature CTI and ΔCTI per kernel frame (mean ±s.e.m.; Methods; Fig. 6a).