Extended Data Fig. 5: Comparison of EEG power spectra and autonomic activity between the two REM substages.
From: Cortical regulation of two-stage rapid eye movement sleep
a, Normalized EEG power spectra in qREM and aREM, averaged across 10 sessions from 7 mice. Red dots indicate frequency bins that are significantly different between the two substages (at P < 0.05, two-sided paired t test with Bonferroni multiple comparison correction). Note that qREM has a significant higher power from 6.5 to 7.5 Hz, while aREM has significant higher power from 8.2 to 11 Hz. b, Averaged EEG spectrogram, EEG delta, theta power, low theta (6–8 Hz) to high theta (8–10 Hz) ratio, eye movements, facial movements and neck EMG power at brain state transitions. Each qREM substage was temporally compressed to one unit length. For each trace, data were normalized by that of NREM sleep before averaging across mice. Vertical lines represent transition points. Shadings, SEM. c, EEG theta/delta ratio (left) and low theta/high theta ratio (right) in qREM and aREM substages (n = 10 sessions from 7 mice). P(theta/delta)=0.13; P(Low/high theta)=0.04. d, Normalized eye movements (measured by pupil movements, left), and facial movements (right) in qREM and aREM substages (n = 10 sessions from 7 mice). The red box denotes facial area used for calculating facial movements. P(Eye movement)=0.0033; P(Facial movement)= 0.000024. e, Normalized neck EMG power in qREM and aREM substages (n = 10 sessions from 7 mice). P = 0.42. f, Heart rate variability (HRV), measured by relative RR intervals, in qREM and aREM substages (n = 7 session from 5 mice). Note that lower HRV indicates higher sympathetic activation. P = 0.0083. g, Respiration rate in qREM and aREM substages (n = 6 sessions from 3 mice). P = 0.00025. h, Cortical hemodynamics in qREM and aREM substages, reflected by decrease of fluorescence signal excited by 410 nm light (n = 6 sessions from 5 mice). For each session, the decrease in F410 was normalized by that of NREM sleep before averaged across mice (P = 0.0044). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, two-sided paired t test. Error bars and shadings, SEM.
