Fig. 2: Stereotypic modulation of Chx10 Gi activity via unilateral activation of D1 SPNs.
From: Basal ganglia–spinal cord pathway that commands locomotor gait asymmetries in mice
a, Schematic of Chx10 Gileft GCaMP recording with optogenetic stimulation of left or right D1 SPNs. b, Example fiber photometry trace with concurrent tracking of body angular velocity. Chx10 Gileft activity correlated with left turns, and was anti-correlated with right turns. Stimulation of right D1 SPNs evoked left turns accompanied by an increase in Chx10 Gileft activity. c,d, Stimulation of D1 SPNs evoked contraversive turns, with an increase in Chx10 Gi activity contralateral to the stimulation and decrease in Chx10 Gi activity ipsilateral to the stimulation. Fiber photometry: n = 7 mice from 2 independent experiments; 10 left and right D1 stimulation trials for each mouse (c). Endoscopic imaging: Left D1 stim.: n = 3 cells from 2 mice in 2 independent experiments; 12–20 trials for each mouse. Right D1 stim.: n = 3 cells from 3 mice in 3 independent experiments; 7–20 trials for each mouse (d). Error bands in c and d represent the s.e.m. e, Top, change in direction associated with 1-s ChR2 stimulation of left or right D1 SPNs. Bottom, change in Chx10 Gileft ΔF/F activity associated with 1-s ChR2 stimulation of left or right D1 SPNs. The magnitude of the change in ΔF/F was greater for D1right versus D1left stimulation trials; *P = 0.037; two-tailed paired t-test; n = 7 mice from 2 independent experiments. Violin plots give the median, the 25th and 75th percentiles and the range. See Supplementary Table 1 for full statistical analysis. f, Model for locomotor asymmetries caused by stimulation of D1 SPNs. Optogenetic stimulation of D1 SPNs has a dominant contralateral excitatory effect on Chx10 Gi neurons, as well as a weaker ipsilateral inhibitory effect. Stim., stimulation.
