Extended Data Fig. 9: Effects of optogenetic activation of dopamine axons on sensory responses of D1 or D2 neurons.
From: Dopamine in the tail of the striatum facilitates avoidance in threat–reward conflicts
(a) Left, D1 neuron response patterns (mean ± SEM) on the first day of sensory experiences for control mice and mice with ChrimsonR. Black indicates non-stimulated trials, blue or red indicates stimulated trials in control or ChrimsonR mice respectively. Top right, average D1 neuron responses (0-1 s) in stimulated trials were significantly higher than in non-stimulated trials in both ChrimsonR mice (p = 9.9 × 10−3, t = 4.050, two-sided paired t-test, n = 6 animals) and control mice (p = 0.016, t = 3.31, two-sided paired t-test, n = 6 animals). Bottom right, average D1 neuron responses in stimulated trials minus the response in non-stimulated trials. The difference in ChrimsonR mice was significantly higher than in control mice (p = 0.025, t = 2.62, two-sided t-test, n = 6 animals each). (b) Left, same format as (e) but in D2 neurons. Top right, average D2 neuron response (0-1 s) in stimulated and non-stimulated trials were not significantly different in both control and ChrimsonR mice (control, p = 0.12, t = 1.78; ChrimsonR, p = 0.86, t = 0.18; two-sided paired t-test, n = 6 animals). Bottom right, average D2 neuron response in stimulated trials minus the response in non-stimulated trials were similar between control and ChrimsonR mice (p = 0.55, t = −0.61, two-sided t-test, n = 6 animals each). (c) Left, same format as (a) but for the second day of sensory experiences. Top right, average D1 neuron responses (0-4 s) in stimulated and non-stimulated trials were not significantly different in both control and ChrimsonR mice (control, p = 0.62, t = −0.51; ChrimsonR, p = 0.29, t = 1.17; two-sided paired t-test, n = 6 animals). Bottom right, average D1 neuron responses in stimulated trials minus the responses in non-stimulated trials were similar between control and ChrimsonR mice (p = 0.24, t = 1.23, two-sided t-test, n = 6 animals each). (d) Left, same format as (b) but for D2 neurons. Top right, average D2 neuron responses (0-1 s) in stimulated and non-stimulated trials were not significantly different in both control and ChrimsonR mice (control, p = 0.78, t = −0.28; ChrimsonR, p = 0.48, t = −0.74; two-sided paired t-test, n = 6 animals). Bottom right, average D2 neuron responses in stimulated trials minus the responses in non-stimulated trials was not significantly different between control and ChrimsonR mice (p = 0.45, t = −0.78, two-sided t-test, n = 6 animals each). (e) D1 neuron responses to optogenetic activation of dopamine axons without a concurrent stimulus (mean ± SEM). D1 neuron activity was not significantly different from the baseline (0-4 s average response vs 0, t-test, p = 0.61, t = −0.59, n = 3 animals). (f) Distribution of recording fibers to collect D1 or D2 neuron GCaMP signals.
