Fig. 8: Differential recruitment of D1 and D2 neurons in TS in threat coping.
From: Dopamine in the tail of the striatum facilitates avoidance in threat–reward conflicts
a, Classical models for striatal D1/D2 neuron pathways8,9. b, D1 neurons promote avoidance and D2 neurons promote overcoming the threat, which resembles the ‘scaling’ model. At the encounter of a potential threat, D1 neuron activity and dopamine (DA) promote avoidance, while high occupancy of D2R is also critical. Dopamine may directly enhance sensory responses of D1 neurons for immediate avoidance (left) and may prevent habituation of D1 neurons (middle). Once dopamine responses decrease, low occupancy of D2R and D2 neuron activity promote animals to overcome a potential threat, counteracting D1 pathway (right).
