Fig. 7: Ventral subiculum inactivation facilitates the formation of schema cells in the OFC during learning of a new problem.
From: Hippocampal output suppresses orbitofrontal cortex schema cell formation
a–c, Percentage of cells recorded on each day that met criteria as schema (a), nonschema (b) and noncoding (c) neurons in each group. The prevalence of schema and nonschema neurons in the two groups were similar initially and then diverged thereafter, with schema neurons increasing more rapidly (overall: χ2 = 78.9, P = 6.6 × 10−19; days 1–2: χ2 = 1.6; P = 0.21; days 3–10: χ2 = 83.0, P = 8.0 × 10−20; d.f. = 1; χ2 test) and nonschema neurons declining more rapidly (overall: χ2 = 59.2, P = 1.4 × 10−14; days 1–2: χ2 = 0.87; P = 0.35; days 3–10: χ2 = 66.3, P = 3.9 × 10−16; d.f. = 1; χ2 test) in the inactivated group, with no effects of learning or inactivation on the noncoding neurons (χ2 < 1.8; P > 0.18; d.f. = 1; χ2 test). d–f, Average explained variance for each factor (epoch, reward, position) within the maze in the schema (d; n = 260 for control; n = 863 for GtACR2), nonschema (e; n = 516 for control; n = 758 for GtACR2) and noncoding (f; n = 181 for control; n = 330 for GtACR2) populations. Inactivation resulted in modest but significant increases in all three kinds of information in the schema and nonschema neurons (schema: P = 0.036; 1.5 × 10−4; 2.6 × 10−7; two-tailed Student’s t-test; nonschema: P = 5.8 × 10−8; 2.1 × 10−5; 3.6 × 10−9; two-tailed Student’s t-test; noncoding: P = 0.87, 0.40, 0.76, two-tailed Student’s t-test). No adjustments were made for multiple comparisons (***P < 0.001; *P < 0.05; Supplementary Figs. 8 and 9).
