Extended Data Fig. 1: Behavior across multiple reward switch sequences.

a) Expanded behavior over the 14-day task for the example animal in Fig. 1f (m14). Top: smoothed lick raster over 80 trials per session; black, rewarded trials; magenta, omission trials. Shaded regions indicate the reward zone active on each set of trials. In (a–c), middle row: mean ± SEM lick rate; bottom row: mean ± SEM running speed, across trials at each reward location (blue = reward zone A, purple = B, red = C). b) Behavior as in (a) for an example animal that started the task with reward zone “B” (m12). c) Expanded behavior as in (a) for the example animal in Fig. 1g (m3). d) Mouse identities, sexes, order of reward zone switches, and planes imaged in the superficial-deep axis of CA1. Top 3 mice (gray highlight) are “fixed-condition” mice that maintained the same reward zone and environment throughout the experiment, bottom 11 mice are “switch” mice. Reward zone orders are shown as “(0, 1, 2), 0” where 0 is the first reward zone in a given environment, 1 is the first switch (2nd zone), 2 is the second switch (3rd zone), and a return to zone 0 is the third switch. Note that reward zones are listed chronologically, but for m17 and m18 the environment order was swapped. e) Schematic depicting anticipatory lick ratio calculation around reward zone “B” as an example. The anticipatory lick ratio compares lick rate in an anticipatory zone 50 cm before the start of the reward zone vs. everywhere outside the reward zone (excluding the reward zone to eliminate consummatory licks). A value of 1 indicates licking exclusively in the anticipatory zone, 0 indicates chance licking everywhere outside the reward zone. f) Anticipatory lick ratio across blocks of 10 trials for fixed-condition animals (n = 3 mice). Colored lines indicate individual mice and the reward zone active for each mouse (blue = A, purple = B, red = C); gray lines and shading show mean ± SEM across mice.